Physical chemistry of metals / L.S. Darken and R.W. Gurry; with a collection problems by M.B. Bever Although a large share of this book is devoted to the treatment of equilibrium, an introduction to reaction-rate phenomena in the final chapters serves at least as token acknowledgment of the great importance of this rapidly growing field. Physical Chemistry Of Metals Darken And Gurry Pdf Download Although a large share of this book is devoted to the treatment of equilibrium, an introduction to reaction- rate phenomena in the final chapters serves at least as token acknowledgment of the great importance of this rapidly growing field.

Abstract

High carbon steel products must frequently be annealed without decarburization. At annealing temperatures, CO₂ and H₂O readily react with carbon in the steel to form CO and H₂. Hydrogen itself can cause decarb, forming methane. Depending on temperature, the carbon in the steel can be present as cementite or as solute in the α- and γ-iron phase. Each of the forms requires different atmosphere considerations. The condition of the material to be treated (lubricants, oxides, etc.) and the condition of the annealing furnaces can substantially alter the atmosphere composition in the furnace. Outside the γ-iron region, annealing is done at nonequilibrium atmosphere conditions. This makes the control of the process difficult. By considering the various conditions and the dynamics of the different reactions, high carbon steel can be annealed without decarburization.

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References

1. 1.

   L. S. Darken and R. W. Gurry:Physical Chemistry of Metals, New York, NY, 1953, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Chapter 16.

2. 2.

   R. W. Gurry: “Composition of Atmospheres Inert to Heated Carbon Steel,”Transaction AIME, 1950, vol. 188, pp. 671–87.

3. 3.

   G. Krauss: “Principles of Heat Treatment of Steel,” American Society for Metals, 1980.

4. 4.

   H. J. Grabke: “Kinetics and Mechanics of Surface Reactions during Carburizing and Decarburizing of Iron in Gases,” Archive Eisenhuttenwesen, 1975, vol. 46, pp. 75–81.

5. 5.

   Metals Handbook, 8th ed., American Society for Metals, vol. 8, pp. 180, 275, 276.

6. 6.

   Nassheuer:Schutzgas Taschenbuch, 3. Auflage, Vulkanverlag, 1979.

7. 7.

   F. E. Purkert: “Using N₂ atmospheres to anneal high carbon steel without decarb,” Heat Treating, vol. 14, no. 3, March 1982, pp. 32–34.

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Correspondence to F. E. Purkert.

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Purkert, F.E. Prevention of decarburization in Annealing of high carbon steel. J. Heat Treating2, 225–231 (1982) doi:10.1007/BF02833222

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• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833222

Keywords

• Ferrite
• Austenite
• Cementite
• Decarburization
• High Carbon Steel

Lawrence Stamper Darken (18 Sept. 1909, Brooklyn NY – 7 June 1978, State College PA)^[1] was a physical chemist and metallurgist, known for his two equations describing solid-state diffusion in binary solutions.

He earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics and chemistry from Hamilton College and attained his doctoral degree in physical chemistry at Yale in 1933,^[2] followed by two postdoctoral years. From 1935 to 1971 Darken was employed at U.S. Steel Corporation Research Laboratory where he was director of the Edgar C. Bain Laboratory for Fundamental Research.^[2] After his retirement from U.S. Steel in 1971, he was appointed professor of mineral science at Pennsylvania State University.^[2]

In addition to his two equations on diffusion, Dr. Darken made contributions to the field with respect to chemical rate phenomena in liquid steel and slags, thermodynamics of metallic solutions, and phase equilibria in various ternary systems.^[3] He also wrote the textbook Physical chemistry of metals with R. W. Gurry.^[4]

In 1968 he received the R. W. Hunt Outstanding Paper Award from the Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST) for his papers Thermodynamics of Binary Metallic Solutions and Thermodynamics of Ternary Metallic Solutions.^[5] He was also awarded a Gold Medal from the American Society for Metals.^[2]

See also[edit]

• Gibbs-Duhem equation#Ternary and multicomponent solutions and mixtures ('Lawrence Stamper Darken has shown ..')

References[edit]

1. ^Lawrence Stamper Darken Find a grave
2. ^ ^abcdDr. Lawrence S. Darken, 68, Ex.Professor of Mineral Science New York Times, 12 June 1978
3. ^Fisher R.M., R.A. Oriani, E.T. Turkdogan. Darken Conference.23–25 August 1976. Pittsburgh: Herbick & Held, 1976.Print
4. ^Darken, L. S.; Gurry, R. W. (1953). Physical chemistry of metals. McGraw-Hill. ISBN978-0070153554.
5. ^Hunt-Kelly Outstanding Paper Award Recipients. Section Hunt Recipients (prior to 2004) AIST Association for Iron and Steel Technology